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一种基于植物的新型超级电容器持续为电动汽车蓄力
作者:红宝电容 来源:http://www.jnhongbao.com 日期:2020-09-12 11:17 浏览

  一种具有出色储能潜力的植物型超级电容器,有可能为电动汽车铺平道路,在几分钟内就能充电,克服了广泛采用的障碍之一,并且对司机和环境有益。

  A plant-based supercapacitor with excellent energy storage potential could pave the way for electric vehicles to be recharged in a few minutes, overcoming one of the barriers to widespread adoption and benefiting drivers and the environment.

  超级电容器几乎可以在瞬间充电,并在需要时释放出巨大的能量,是一种具有巨大潜力的储能技术。我们已经看到了一些有趣的进展,用可持续材料制造设备,包括循环利用的塑料瓶、甚至废弃的烟头。

  Supercapacitor can be charged almost instantaneously and release huge energy when needed. It is a kind of energy storage technology with great potential. We've seen some interesting developments in making equipment from sustainable materials, including recycled plastic bottles and even discarded cigarette butts.

  德克萨斯农工大学的团队希望利用一种天然聚合物,这种称为木质素的聚合物赋予植物和树木以刚性,这是由造纸行业作为废品大量生产的,实际上我们已经看到了一些有趣的突破,努力将这种聚合物回收到其他产品中,例如更坚固的混凝土和3D打印的生物浆。

  The team at Texas A & M University wants to take advantage of a natural polymer, called lignin, that gives plants and trees rigidity, which is produced in large quantities by the paper industry as waste. In fact, we have seen some interesting breakthroughs in trying to recycle this polymer into other products, such as stronger concrete and 3D printed bio pulp.

  然而,新研究的作者希望用它来为一种用于超级电容器电极的材料--二氧化锰。与其他解决方案相比,这种化合物的纳米颗粒提供了许多好处,但电化学性能是它们倾向于下降的地方。

  However, the authors of the new study hope to use it as a material for supercapacitor electrodes, manganese dioxide. The nanoparticles of this compound offer many benefits over other solutions, but the electrochemical performance is where they tend to decline.

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  “与其他过渡金属氧化物(如钌或氧化锌)相比,二氧化锰更便宜,可获得性丰富,而且更安全,这些过渡金属氧化物被普遍用于制造电极,”研究作者梁宏说。“但二氧化锰的一个主要缺点是它的导电性较低。”

  "Compared with other transition metal oxides, such as ruthenium or zinc oxide, manganese dioxide is cheaper, more available and safer, and these transition metal oxides are commonly used to make electrodes," said study author Liang Hong. "But one of the main disadvantages of manganese dioxide is its low conductivity."

  此前的研究表明,木质素与金属氧化物的结合可以提升超级电容器电极的电性能,但该团队希望研究如何能具体增强二氧化锰的功能。于是他们设计了一种超级电容器,其中这两种成分构成了关键的构件。

  Previous studies have shown that the combination of lignin and metal oxides can improve the electrical properties of supercapacitor electrodes, but the team hopes to study how to specifically enhance the function of manganese dioxide. So they designed a supercapacitor, and these two components make up the key components.

  该团队首先在普通消毒剂中净化木质素,然后施加热量和压力,使液体分解,使二氧化锰沉积在木质素上。然后用这种混合物涂覆铝板形成电极,再与另一个由铝和活性炭制成的电极配对形成超级电容器,中间夹着凝胶电解质。

  The team first purified the lignin in a common disinfectant, then applied heat and pressure to decompose the liquid, causing manganese dioxide to deposit on the lignin. The mixture was then coated with aluminum plates to form electrodes, then paired with electrodes made of aluminum and activated carbon to form supercapacitors, sandwiched with gel electrolytes.

  研究人员介绍说,这种新装置轻巧、灵活、成本效益高,增加了其作为汽车结构储能元件的潜力。他们还报告说,它在测试中经受住了极好的考验,发现它具有“非常稳定的电化学特性”,并且在数千次循环中保持了存储电荷的能力。

  The new device is lightweight, flexible and cost-effective, which increases its potential as an energy storage component for automotive structures, the researchers said. They also report that it has stood an excellent test in tests and found that it has "very stable electrochemical properties" and maintains the ability to store charges over thousands of cycles.

  在电容方面,超级电容器的表现都优于那些电极完全由活性炭制成的超级电容器,或石墨烯与其他材料结合的超级电容器,这通常被用于衡量该器件存储电荷的指标。当与一种采用二硒化锡制成的电极的超级电容器相比,新装置提供的电容是其900倍。

  In terms of capacitance, supercapacitors perform better than those whose electrodes are made entirely of activated carbon or graphene combined with other materials, which is usually used to measure the storage charge of the device. When compared with a supercapacitor with electrodes made of tin selenide, the new device offers 900 times more capacitance.

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